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- A short introduction to file marks:
- ===================================
-
- File marks are written to tape to separate individual files (Note
- that one `tar' file may contain many data files!). So several
- files can be written to tape and individually retrieved.
- The way ftape implements these file marks allows almost random
- access to individual files (instead of sequentially reading the
- entire tape until ones finds the right file mark).
-
- Every time the device is closed after writing some data two file
- marks are written to tape. If the non-rewinding device is used the
- tape is rewound so it is positioned right between these two marks.
- If another file is written to tape the second marks is overwritten
- but the first stays causing succeeding files to be separated by
- exactly one file mark.
-
- The following should make this clear: After writing one file to the
- non-rewinding tape device the tape layout will be:
-
- <file-1> <eof> <eof>
-
- When another file is written the layout will be:
-
- <file 1> <eof> <file 2> <eof> <eof>
-
-
- If we want to add another file to this tape after it has been
- rewound, there are to options: First to skip 2 file marks to position
- right between the last two marks. In this case we have to know how
- many files to skip.
- The other solution is to seek for the double file mark and position
- in between. This is done with `mt eom'.
- Remember to use the non-rewinding device when positioning the tape
- or it will be rewound when closing !
-
- Appending a file to a tape:
-
- mt -f /dev/nftape eom
- tar cvf /dev/ftape <files>
-
- Reading the first and third files from tape:
-
- mt -f /dev/ftape rewind
- tar xvf /dev/nftape
- mt -f /dev/nftape fsf 2
- tar xvf /dev/nftape
-
- The best way to understand what is happening is to picture the tape
- layout and count the file marks that have to be skipped.
-
-
- BTW: Keep in mind that file marks aren't written to tape until the
- header segment is updated. For non-rewinding devices this will
- not happen automatically: Make sure that either the last write is to
- a rewinding device or issue an `mt rewind' or `mt rewoffl' to flush
- the buffers. The last command will put the drive offline until you
- reload the cartridge (or the driver). While the drive is offline all
- commands will fail.
-